Comparing the Mormon Religion to Catholic and Protestant Faiths Essay

Comparing the Mormon Religion to Catholic and Protestant Faiths The Mormon religion is very unique in many of its doctrine. While technically a Protestant faith, the Mormons generally share more doctrine with the Catholics. Because of its unique nature, I will be analyzing the Mormon faith, its history, organization, and doctrine, in comparison with the beliefs held by both Catholics and Protestants. Establishment On April 6, 1980, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (aka the Mormon Church) was founded. [It is interesting to note that according to Mormon doctrine (Doctrine and Covenants 20:1), April 6 is the birthday of Jesus Christ.] 10 years prior to this event, in 1820, fourteen-year-old Joseph Smith knelt in a quiet grove in upper New York state and prayed for guidance in choosing a church to join. According to LDS historical records, his prayer was answered by the visitation of two heavenly personages. One, the Heavenly Father, spoke to him and said, pointing to the other, "This is my Beloved Son. Hear Him!" This second personage, Christ, told Smith that he should join no existing church, that the true church he had established upon the Earth had become corrupted and fallen away from the truth over the passing years. Smith was instructed that he was to aid in the restoration of the pure gospel of Jesus Christ in these latter days. Mormons consider this divine visitation and the restoration of Christ's church to be the fulfillment of the prophecy of the Apostle Peter when he said, "He shall send Jesus Christ. . .whom the heaven must receive until the times of restitution of all things, which God hath spoken by the mouth of all his holy prophets since the world began." (Acts 3:20-21). ... ...rious sins such as murder, adultery, lying, and who do not repent in mortality. There is a fourth place where souls can go after death – Outer Darkness. This place is only those who deny the Holy Ghost, have a perfect testimony of the Gospel and willfully deny it. The Mormon view of afterlife is discussed at great length in Doctrine and Covenants chapter 76. These are just a few of the beliefs of the Mormon faith. Evidenced by the discussion of these is the fact that while Mormonism is technically a Protestant faith, it shares many doctrinal points with both Protestants and Catholics. Beyond its shared theology, Mormonism has several very unique teachings, ones generally not expounded by any other Christian faith. Perhaps it is these novel pieces of doctrine that appeal to people and have made Mormonism the fastest growing faith in the world today.

Conflict Essay

The bringing of people together in social interaction necessarily involves a set of interpersonal dynamics which sooner or later will lead to conflict. Conflict between people or groups often arises from competition for resources, power, and status. Family members compete for attention. Individuals compete for jobs and wealth. Nations compete for territory and prestige. Different interest groups compete for influence and the power to make rules. Often the competition is not for resources but for ideas, one person or group wants to have the ideas or behaviour of another group suppressed, punished, or declared illegal. When you consider what a diverse society we live in, with so many different backgrounds, perspectives and approaches to life, it is not surprising that conflict is established as part and parcel of our everyday life. This is because people will have competing interests and competing perspectives in relation to the same issues, and so we should not be surprised when tensions exist between individuals and groups. Conflict is concerned with difference. If we were all the same, then there would be little or no conflict. However, thankfully we are not all the same, and so part of the price that we pay for the richness of diversity is that conflicts will arise at certain times. Conflicts are inevitable in one’s organizational life and personal life. Conflict tends to have negative consequences for both the individual and the organization. Performance is adversely affected. Decisions made may not be appropriate. Occasionally, they might even be unrealistic or irrational. Thus, conflicts tend to impair one’s efficiency. Sometimes, conflict is also observed to give rise to certain maladjusted behaviours in individuals trying to cope with it. These include alcoholism, drug abuse, excessive smoking, under eating or overeating and extremely aggressive or submissive behaviour. Conflict has also certain physiological consequences in that, certain changes take place within the physiological system which are often ignored or unnoticed. Hence, it may be understood that conflict not only affects an individual’s performance, but also gives rise to psychosomatic disturbances, which undermine the health of the individual. It can also be argued that conflicts are not necessarily bad. The progress we have made so far in our civilization is due to the conflict between nature & man. Conflict releases energy at every level of human activity, energy that can produce positive, constructive results. Conflicts tend to have a motivational value; they drive or energize an individual to tackle a situation. To resolve a conflict one might explore different avenues or alternatives of action, which make him/her more knowledgeable. Conflicts also provide opportunities to test one’s own abilities. Conflict can occur at personal level, interpersonal level, group level. It can be latent or covert. Causes of Conflict 1. Conflicts arise when people are competing for the same resources, when they are not fairly distributed or when there are not enough to go round. 2. Conflicts arise when the people are unhappy with how they are governed. 3. Conflicts arise when people’s beliefs clash. Religious and political views are particularly sensitive, because people often depend on these for a sense of identity and belonging. Sometimes the conflict is caused by a religious/political group being attacked; sometimes it is because the group is eager to spread a particular belief and even enforce it on others. Some leaders may aggravate religious and political differences as part of their tactics for keeping or gaining power. 4. In the same way ethnic differences can cause conflict, or be made to cause it. Again, people’s ethnicity gives them a sense of identity and belonging, and it is threats to this sense which can cause violent responses, just as individuals may lash out with angry words or gestures when they feel threatened. Causes of conflict in the work place The cause of workplace conflict is often misunderstood and blamed on personalities and misbehaviour, but in reality much workplace conflict is systemic and endemic to the workplace environment. Ineffective organisational systems, unpredictable policies, incompatible goals, scarce resources, and poor communication can all contribute to conflict in the workplace. Workplace conflict causes loss of productivity, distractions, and employee dissatisfaction. However, management can produce positive results by paying attention to and addressing the true causes of conflict in their organisations. Managing conflict Managing a conflict contains specialized interaction that prevents a dispute from becoming a destructive battle. Managing a conflict attends to the personal issues so as to allow for a constructive relationship, even though the objective issues may not be resolvable. For example, the former Soviet Union and the United States managed their conflict during the Cold War by using a variety of mechanisms. The objective issues in the dispute were not resolved, and neither were the personal issues, which contained significant perceptual differences. However, both sides attended significantly to the relationship to keep the disagreement from turning into a destructive battle. Ways people deal with conflict There is no one best way to deal with conflict. It depends on the current situation. Here are the major ways that people use to deal with conflict. 1. Avoidance. Pretend it is not there or ignore it. Usually this approach tends to worsen the conflict over time. 2. Accommodation. Give in to others, sometimes to the extent that you compromise yourself. Usually this approach tends to worsen the conflict over time, and causes conflicts within yourself. 3.  Competition. Work to get your way, rather than clarifying and addressing the issue. 4. Compromising. Mutual give-and-take. 5. Collaboration. Focus on working together. This approach sometimes raises new mutual needs. Effects of conflict Conflicts have positive and negative effects. They can lead to change if they are well managed, they can be used as a learning experience and they can be used to open up opportunities. However, prolonged conflicts can erupt into violence and disrupt the activities of the organisation, they may also damage relationships permanently and they can also lead to the death of an organisation. Change Most of us live and think as if the world were static, or as if it should be. As individuals, as professionals, and as members or leaders of organizations, too often the way we act, plan, and react betrays the assumption that tomorrow will be much like today, that we’ll slide by all right if we just get a little better, a little smarter, at doing what we are already doing. Some people, and some organizations, fall apart in the face of change. They seem well organized until something changes in their environment. According to Robbins (1999), change is concerned with making things different. Things must be different because they change constantly. When an organizational system is disturbed by some internal or external force, change frequently occurs. Change as a process, is simply modification of the structure or process of a system. It may be good or bad, the concept is descriptive only. † It may be constructive, destructive, comfortable or uncomfortable. People and organizations seem to have a pattern over their lifetimes. People and organizations that thrive on change share some fundamental attributes. Change is fractal: its basic nature looks the same at different scales. So the attributes that make an organization powerfully adaptive also make a relationship flexible and fruitful, a community liveable, and an individual creative, adaptive, and secure in the midst of turbulence. It is not possible to change an organization without changing oneself. Changing oneself will change an organization. The two are inextricably linked. If people seriously intend to help their organization go through the massive changes, they must set out on a path of changing their own lives, of learning the skills of change and applying them first to themselves. Any change is, in part, physical. It can be understood in one’s head, but until it lives in their body, it won’t change their behaviour. If a person wishes to be different, that person must learn to move differently, to make different physical decisions. â€Å"Stick to your knitting,† turns out to be a useful thought for dealing with change. However, at the core of every truth is a fallacy, a route to a deeper truth. The fallacy at the core of â€Å"stick to your knitting† is the invitation not to change, to stay satisfied with the way we are. Many of us have a grudging acceptance of the need to change. The reality is that every change is a new skill, one that takes time and attention to learn. If I wait to change until I am forced to it, I will be too late. To wait until change is forced on me is to stay perpetually behind on the learning curve. Whenever a person is trying to change something in his life, they should always remember that change without getting rid of the beliefs that cause the current behaviour or feelings is almost impossible. Furthermore, change probably is difficult when one is onvinced that they either saw or felt the belief causing their current behaviour or feeling on numerous occasions earlier in life. When they realize they never saw their belief and they caused the feeling, not reality, their belief will just dissolve. Today change is the essential of survival and a way of carrying out business. Every business firm whether big or small has to change with time or it will perish. This change along with it brings insecurities and pain that forces human beings or individuals to come out of their comfort zones to zone of uncomfortable debate and this leads to resistance to change.

Demecology †the Ecology of Populations - 1574 Words

Topic 3: Demecology – the ecology of populations The main idea: Note how mathematical models are used to examine variation in growth of a population. Lecture outline: 1. Statistic and dynamic characteristics of population. 2. Growth curves patterns: J-shaped curve and S-shaped curve 3. Population regulation: Density-dependent and density-independent factors. 4. Human population patterns: - Population numbers. - Demographic transition and structure - Population urbanization 1. Statistic and dynamic characteristics of population Population – is a group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area. Population is an elementary and evolutionary unit of biosphere. Statistic characteristics: †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Density-independent factors –are factors that affect populations (reproduction and mortality rates) regardless of population density (natural disasters as forest fire, earthquake, flood etc.). 4. Human population patterns: †¢ Population numbers | |In 1650 ~ 500 million people. | |[pic] |In 2000 ~ 6 billion people. | | |In 2009 ~ 6.5 billion people. | | |This exponential growth rate can be explained by increase: | | |in food production | | |the rise of industry | | |advances in medicine | | |Growth rate is about 70 million people per year. It may be | | |limited by the same density-dependent factors that limit the |

Social Interaction And Children With Autism Spectrum...

Social interaction is defined as â€Å"a process of reciprocal stimulation and response between two people. It develops competition, interaction, influences social roles and status, and influences people in development of social relationships.† (What is SOCIAL INTERACTION) By adolescence most individuals are fairly competent at social interaction and have a general understanding of what is required of them in most social situations. For high functioning autistic children, this is far from the case. Simple interactions between themselves and others can be confusing and difficult to navigate without proper adaptive training in social behavior. In the following sections, we will explain the need for this training, how it is implemented, and the†¦show more content†¦Socialization deficits are a major source of impairment regardless of cognitive or language ability for individuals with ASD. Furthermore, social skill deficits do not remit with development. Indeed, impairmen t and distress may increase as children approach adolescence because the social milieu becomes more complex and the child becomes more aware of their social disability† (White, 2006, p. 1858) As Dr. White mentioned social deficiency is not a situation that goes away with age and can have lifelong effects if not addressed by an intervention to help the child to learn acceptable and expected social behavior. These social impairments manifest themselves in many varying ways and degrees such as â€Å"speech, linguistic conventions and interpersonal interaction.† (White, 2006, p. 1858) Problematic areas include impairments in turn-taking in conversation and the ability to understand other’s perspective, proper use of pitch and inflection in their speech, obsessively dwelling on certain topics, difficulty in expressing and understanding emotions, and difficulty with nonliteral language uses such as metaphor and sarcasm. These impairments make communication with others difficult and uncomfortable for the ASD child and can cause a cascading effect, causing them to withdrawal from social situation out of frustration with their inability and embarrassment, or cause peers to distance themselves from the ASD child because of this seemingly awkward behavior and

Functions Of A Steady State Exercise Essay - 1898 Words

Assign-3794 3. Steady state exercise is the activity where we perform while maintaining the same heart and muscle movements. Steady state exercise affects many body functions. If the steady state exercise performed for months consistently, it will increase the overall endurance of an individual. The below are the certain physiological functions affected during steady state: Cardiac output: The aerobic exercise performed at steady rate causes the body to increase the amount of blood pumped by the heart. Cardiac output is determined by stroke volume and heart rate. The Stroke volume is defined as the quantity of blood pumped at each heart beat, while the body going from rest to steady state exercise. Cardiac output increases rapidly even more gradually until it reaches a plateau. By that time we develop an increased number of capillaries, greater opening of existing capillaries, more effective blood redistribution and increased blood volume. Due to this, capillaries improve the body ability to deliver oxygen and nutrients to muscle and also to remove the waste products. Cardiac output is generally calculated by: Cardiac output = Heart rate * Stroke volume Blood pressure: The blood pressure of an individual is affected before and after reaching the steady state. .There is increase in the systolic and diastolic blood pressure during steady state. These increases in the pressure represent the pressure in arteries. This pressure is while the heart is contracting andShow MoreRelatedEffects of a Hypoglycaemic Comapred to a Hyperglycaemic Diet895 Words   |  4 PagesA sub-maximal steady state exercise requires carbohydrates and fats to be oxidised in order to create sufficient ATP for the body to function and complete muscle contractions. The main energy sources being used throughout the test were the aerobic glycolytic and the aerobic lipolysis systems. To determine which energy system was predominately being used we can use RER. If RER is a value of .7 the energy system being predominantly used is the aerobic lipolysis system, where as a value closer to 1Read MoreMajor Depressive Disorder Case Study848 Words   |  4 Pagesdisorders i n the United States† (Olson, 2017). Aerobic exercise has been the focus of an effective treatment for depression. One study was done that looked at exercise as an â€Å"augmentation strategy for patients reporting persistent cognitive deficits following selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment† (Olson, 2017). Groups in this study showed improvements in cognitive control. 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Oxygen is needed for respiration, the chemical process thatRead MoreHuman Capital And Non Physical Capital1535 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent steady state for different countries, thus we can expect conditional convergence rather absolute convergence. Lastly, the differences in rate-of-return can be regarded as insufficient and necessary condition to international capital flow. Methods of MRW They start from reviewing the textbook Solow Model, which considers the rates of saving, population growth and technological progress as exogenous, the Cobb-Douglas production function is: Y(t)=K(t)^ÃŽ ± ã€â€"[A(t)L(t)]ã€â€"^(1-ÃŽ ±) (1) In steady stateRead MoreDesigning A Commander ( Cocom ) Theater Campaign Plans1273 Words   |  6 Pagesis the forcing function for a GCC’s Theater Campaign Plan (TCP). Theater Campaign Plans are the baseline of the theater-planning construct. They focus on the command’s steady state activities and link these activities to achieving strategic and military objectives . Operational design links EUCOM theater strategy to policy Operational design was correctly used in the development of the European Command’s (EUCOM) TCP. This theater strategy is inextricably linked to United States policy and focusesRead MoreThe Effects Of Physical Education On Children1594 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to the New York Times the United States is the 11th worst country for obesity rates out of 15 developed countries and the Program for International Student Assessment measurement found the U.S. ranked 31st in math literacy and 23rd in science (Klein). Since 1980, the obesity rate for children has been rising at a steady rate, while the education and cognitive ability of children has been falling at a steady rate. We can assume there is correlation between the physical fitness of childrenRead MoreEc 301 midterm1167 Words   |  5 Pagespoints) Briefly explain how the following would shift the IS function to the right. a. A change to lump-sum taxation (Specify whether increase or decrease is needed to shift IS curve to the right.) b. A change to government spending (Specify whether increase or decrease is needed to shift IS curve to the right.) 6. (7 points) Explain briefly how a change to the following MS, MD, or P (ceteris paribus) would shift the LM function to the right. Include in your discussion whether the variableRead MoreEndorphins : A Popular Topic With Brain And Someone s Mood1290 Words   |  6 Pagesmood in regards to exercise. To quote Legally Blonde, â€Å"Exercise gives you endorphins. Endorphins make you happy,† however, endorphins and exercise are slightly more complicated then Miss Elle Woods states. Endorphins are neurotransmitters that pass signals through the brain, blocking pain and controlling emotions (Sheve). People experience a rush of endorphins after extreme exertion, which means one cannot be lazy as endorphins are not released when witting on the couch. Exercise also helps to create

Features of Ancient Roman Literature for Comedies- myassignmenthelp

Question: Write about theFeatures of Ancient Roman Literature for Comedies. Answer: The main aim of the topic is to present arguments in terms of advantages and disadvantages of Roman Literature. Different authors have come up with their views to make their argument strong while discussing the nature of Roman Literature. Literature of Rome is having a subject matter, which is varied greatly. The literature inculcates that forces the reader to make a larger number of generalizations, which are simplistic in nature. According to Garnsey and Saller, (2014; p.12; Chp: 10), Roman Empire produced a lot of Literature, comedies, dramas and the Romans avoided tragedies. It contributes to the golden age of literature. According to Mitchell, (2014; p.16; Chp: 4), however, the literature lacks ground as mostly it is influenced by Greeks as the Romans were aware about their literary inferiority in the beginning. The breadth of the Roman Literature can be well understood not only in the context of production of a greater variety which has its existence during the time of the minor fragments of which has been made to the readers through the passing of ages. It also inculcates the vast period of time and geography of the country, which are incorporated within the context of ancient Rome (Quin, 2014; p. 71; Chp: 3). Therefore, in this context, it is significant to discuss, the nature of the Roman Literature and how this literature is still being considered among the group of historians The advantages of Ancient Roman Literature By taking into account the positive view of ancient Literature of Rome, it can be said that The writing of prose by Cicero during the golden age of Roman literature in 80th century BC generally carries the characteristics of certainly a greater quality of Literature, which stated about the culture of ancient Rome, was the capacity to appreciate assimilate and accommodate the best that could be gained from the allied and conquered territories. (Frank, 2015; p.14; Chp: 7). This cannot be taken from a negative perspective, as such that it came from many other aspects of the society of Rome, which opened to the variety of cultures, ideas and religions of Rome. For example, many leaders and emperors belonging to the stock of foreign, some never arrived Roman expect for a fewer number of times (Frank, 2015; p.14; Chp: 7). Roman pax Romana: The environment of a stable nature, which was provided by the hegemony of Rome, enabled a greater variety of literature and arts, which are to be created and enjoyed by the greater number of population. (Howston, 2014; p.9; Chp: 9). The poverb, which is taken from Aristotle defines well the pragmatism of Roman Primium vivera, deinde Philosophari which means the philosophy must be bred first and then comes everything (Howston, 2014; p.9; Chp: 9). Literacy of Rome: During the reign of Augustus from 27BC, it is believed that it is to make sure that there is no literature if the people of literature cannot create or consume literature (Garnsey Saller, 2014; p.12; Chp: 10). The success of Rome and wealth has given birth to an increasing number of population who are literate, even this was prevailed among the people who are in lower graded ranks, so much, that the graffiti can be found all over the walls of Pomp and tabernae of Public. The schools of Roman gave the essentials and schooling of Rome frequently stressed on the travels to the foreign lands such as Crete or Greece where the techniques of literary and Orientals can be made with perfect. The historian name Tacitus painted a memorable picture of Rome in the 2nd Century BC. The spreading of Literacy in the civilization of Rome by Quintilian, Aulus Gellius and Apuleius in the second century BC was being supported by those aspects which might be expected in the modern age society and this incorporate the stability of economics and law, a stable social context to give permission to the study of individual. The societys need for the people in terms of higher education, benefiting the individual while pursuing a higher level of knowledge and education, providing the cultural background, which renders popular value to the consumption and production of the literature, are the general expectations for the modern society (Garnsey Saller, 2014; p.12; Chp: 10). The roman literature provides access to the thinking of elitist and the their works which is an important part of the jigsaw. The creation of the art, literature and progress is the result of the individual and it gives the feeling of the individual, which makes the individual as if they are the part of this environment. The entry to the Greek work was a huge effect in a different ways, which reflect the effect of domination. The Latin writings give importance in the rhetoric, the frame of speaking and the art of persuading. The writings of Ammianus, Rutilius Claudius and Aurelius Symmachus wrote poetries with great talent in the Middle ages. These authors demonstrated the features of modernism in the classical literature. The speaking of Public must carry a greater importance for the literati Romans because many of them wanted successful career in politics. After Rome became the empire, the capacity to persuade and impress people by the words spoken lost its importance. However, training in the rhetoric continued in order to flourish and to affect the styles of the writing. A larger part of the rhetoric includes the ability to present a familiar idea while striking a innovative manner in order to attract the attractions. The authors of Latin became the masters of the variety of arts. The disadvantages of Roman Literature The disadvantages of Roman literature are based on the generalizations, which are made by the Literature of Rome includes the foremost and important disadvantage of the Literature is that the literature is the copy of Greece and it is quite evident in the writings of Tacitus and Sallust. (Mitchell, 2014:p.15; chp:4). Secondly, there is an influence of the political and imperial propagandistic, which interrupted the creativity (Dihle, 2013; p. 10;Chp: 12). The influence of the Greeks on the literature of Rome is undeniable, basically during the period of republic when the Romans are importantly military and agricultural society and hence having a language which do not have flexibility of expressions which is required in the higher degree of literature. Such weakness continuously strengthened the main aspects of the Roman Literature (Dihle, 2013; p. 10; Chp: 12). The affect of the supervision of the politics produced where parallel to each other. Through this observation can be rightly pointed during Augustus and Caesar (McGill, 2013; p.17; Chp 5). However, the control of the politics literature would carry out its cost and prove damages in the long run. (Flower, 2014;p. 20; Chp: 7). There are similar examples such as Ptolemaic Alexandria along with the famous library which is world famous, but was not the focus of innovation and the creativity and the reason behind this is the ongoing political influence. This process enhanced the censorship process, which went in parallel with the increasing focus to the mode of languages. During the time of the rule of Nero, the situation became dramatic and by then the Roman literature was entering a long period of the relatively based flatness and the production of literature is mediocre, it is not based on merit in any respect. The Roman Literature lacks the main poetic vocabulary, which hints the poetry of Greece. The reason is that the Romans used to invent words and this lead to a greater extent, this leads to the Lack of important poetic wordings (Flower, 2014;p. 20; Chp: 7). Conclusion Therefore, to conclude, it can be stated that, the advantages and disadvantages of the Ancient evidence of Rome gives a detail idea about the nature of Roman Literature and their importance ,which is still being carried out in the modern society. Roman literature is rick with classical essence and this reflects the change of period during the ancient time and how the people lived under the rule of monarch. The literature has both negative and positive views, but all together they provide the readers about the historical importance of the ancient Rome. References Dihle, A. (2013).Greek and Latin literature of the Roman empire: from Augustus to Justinian. Routledge. Flower, H. I. (Ed.). (2014).The Cambridge companion to the Roman republic. Cambridge University Press. Frank, T. (2015).Life and literature in the Roman Republic(Vol. 7). Cambridge University Press. Garnsey, P., Saller, R. P. (2014).The Roman Empire: economy, society and culture. Bloomsbury Publishing. Howatson, M. C. (Ed.). (2013).The Oxford companion to classical literature. OUP Oxford. McGill, S. (2012).Plagiarism in Latin Literature. Cambridge University Press. Mitchell, S. (2014).A history of the later Roman Empire, AD 284-641. John Wiley Sons. Quinn, K. (2014).Latin Explorations (routledge Revivals): Critical Studies in Roman Literature. Routledge.

Waiting For Godot Essays (669 words) - Fiction,

Waiting For Godot Existentialists believe, in short, that life is pointless and man petty and miserable. Though existentialism covers many topics the beliefs about religion remain some of the more notable. Samuel Beckett embraces the idea that religion is absurd, irrational and pointless. He portrays those views through his play Waiting For Godot. Beckett uses the characters in Waiting For Godot to depict his satirical, existentialist views on religion. Beckett uses Godot as a vengeful savior to Estragon and Vladimir. Just as one goes to hell for betraying God Estragon and Vladimir receive punishment for betraying Godot. Estragon: And what if we dropped him? (Pause) If we dropped him? Vladimir: Hed punish us. Pg59 In the same way, one may acquire the gift of heaven for obeying God and Estragon and Vladimir shall receive a reward for their obedience to Godot. Vladimir: Unless Godot comes. Estragon: And if he comes? Vladimir: We will be saved. Pg60 In addition, Beckett satirizes human behavior in the absence of God through the actions of Estragon and Vladimir in the absence of Godot. Estragon: Thats all a pack of lies! (Shaking the boy by the arm.) Tell us the truth! Boy: (Trembling) But it is the truth sir! Vladimir: Whats the matter with you? Estragon: Im unhappy. Pg54 The messenger boy represent the enlightened. Beckett makes a distinct parallel between the boy and Gods angles. The boy portrays a prophet sent directly from Godot to inform Vladimir, or the clergy, how to lead Estragon, or the people of the church. Vladimir: You have a message from Godot? Boy: Yes sir. Vladimir: Well, what is it?. Boy: Mr. Godot told me to tell you he wont come this evening but surely To- morrow. Pg53-55 The boy also plays the only one to ever see or have any direct contact with Godot. Vladimir: You work for Mr. Godot?. Boy: Yes sir. What am I to tell Mr. Godot sir ? Vladimir: Tell him(He hesitates.)tell him you saw us. Pg55-56 Beckett uses Lucky and Pozzo to show mans inability to see his own absurd behavior. Estragon and Vladimir think Pozzos conduct strange, and his treatment of Lucky inhumane. They fail to see themselves and Godots disregard for them in this ridiculous pair. Pozzo: Up pig! (Pause) Every time he drops he falls asleep. (Jerks the rope.) Up hog!Back! (Enter Lucky backwards.) Stop!(Lucky stops.) Turn!(Lucky turns.)Coat! (Lucky advances, gives the coat, goes back to his place, takes up the bag.) Pg21-22 Just as Lucky jumps for Pozzo, Estragon and Vladimir jump for Godot. Estragon and Vladimir symbolize the church as a whole. Beckett uses Vladimir as the clergy who ministers to Estragon as the misguided masses. Vladimir never strays from his faith to Godot. He serves as a constant reminder that Godot will come. Estragon: Lets go. Vladimir: We Cant. Estragon: Why not? Vladimir: Were waiting for Godot. Pg8 Since the boy symbolizes a holy herald he confers only with the clergy, in this case, Vladimir. Vladimir: To-morrow everything will be better. Estragon: How do you make that out? Vladimir: Did you not here what that child said? Estragon: No. Pg56 Upon receiving the divine word it is the job of the preacher to get the message out to the people of the faith. Estragon: Where shall we go? Vladimir: Not far. Estragon: Why not? Vladimir: We have to come back To-morrow. Estragon: What for? Vladimir: To wait for Godot. Pg107 Beckett uses the figures in Waiting For Godot to portray his cynical, existentialist views on religion. The broad topic of existentialism covers far more than religion, though it prevails as the most popular aspect. Beckett thinks religion silly and impractical and shows those beliefs in his play Waiting For Godot. Existentialism also covers themes such as human nature and mere existence. One may define it as the belief that life is destitute and man meaningless. English Essays